Colon cancer is a common cancer reported across several age groups. Symptoms such as blood in the stool, vomiting, decreased appetite, and other digestion problems can sometimes make it easier to detect than other cancers — but this does not make the disease any less severe. Early consultation for such symptoms is always recommended.
Colorectal surgery covers operative and diagnostic care for conditions of the colon, rectum, and anus, including colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease, ranging from minimally invasive to more complex resections.
When it may be needed
- Colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps found on colonoscopy
- Diverticulitis that keeps recurring or does not respond to medication
- Inflammatory bowel disease not controlled by medication
- Rectal prolapse or other structural conditions of the rectum and anus
Warning signs
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- A persistent change in bowel habits
- Unexplained weight loss
- Ongoing abdominal pain, bloating, or a feeling of incomplete bowel movement
- Iron-deficiency anemia found on lab work
What to expect
- A colonoscopy and imaging workup to confirm the diagnosis and plan surgery
- Laparoscopic or open resection, depending on the location and extent of disease
- A temporary or, less often, permanent ostomy in select cases
- Cancer cases staged and coordinated with a multidisciplinary team
Recovery
- Hospital stay of a few days to about a week, depending on the approach and extent of surgery
- Gradual reintroduction of a normal diet as bowel function returns
- Follow-up colonoscopy and surveillance visits, especially after cancer surgery
Go to the nearest emergency room right away for severe abdominal pain, heavy rectal bleeding, or signs of a bowel obstruction (no bowel movement or passing gas, persistent vomiting, or a swollen, tight abdomen).
This is general health information and not a diagnosis. Please consult a doctor for advice about your own condition.
Patient Questions About Colorectal Surgery
What are the warning signs of colorectal cancer?
Blood in the stool, a persistent change in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or ongoing abdominal pain can be warning signs of colorectal cancer or other colorectal conditions. Screening colonoscopy is recommended starting at the appropriate age or earlier with a family history.
Is colorectal surgery always done as open surgery?
No. Many colorectal procedures can be performed laparoscopically or robotically through small incisions, which often means less pain and a faster recovery. The best approach depends on the location and extent of the disease.